Description Of The Sponsoring Organization Analysis

Description of the Sponsoring Organization What is the organization’s mission? Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 requires all federally funded Universities to prohibit sex/gender-based discrimination on campuses. Title IX prohibits gender discrimination against all students, including discrimination based on sex, gender identity or expression, as well as sex and gender discrimination in the educational environment. Historically, Title IX was used to create equal access to sports teams on campuses and in high schools. The language of Title IX reads as follows: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any†¦show more content†¦The Title IX office at Clark has been in disarray for several years and we are now finally creating a clearly organized and approachable system. The commitment of the Title IX Coordinator to updating the systems, the education, and resources to better suit the campus community is a huge benefit to Clark. Another major strength is the dedication the people involved have to this line of work. Dealing with sexual violence is extremely difficult both emotionally and mentally, and the staff that works for Title IX take on these challenges because they truly care about the safety and wellbeing of Clark students. Moreover, they are also committed to reducing sexual violence in our nation and work to figure out the best prevention and education methods possible for our community. The largest issue for the Title IX office is capacity. Despite the dedication and amazing efforts of the people involved there is just a larger quantity of work that needs to be accomplished than the few staff members have the time to complete. While in some cases reorganizing priorities and managing time differently could alleviate the challenges in general the capacity gap is just too monumental. Proving the office more staff is the best solution to creating a more effective and efficient Title IX office. How effectively does it accomplish its mission? This is a difficult question to answer due to subjectivity people apply to cases of sexual offenseShow MoreRelatedIT Implementation Management Plan Essay examples1520 Words   |  7 PagesComproc headquarters from JKT in order to access their Comproc email and their claims processing applications. As the project manager, I will be responsible for completing the on boarding of the Comproc workers within three months. The executive sponsoring the project is Morgan W. Callier, chief counsel at JKT. The JKT technician responsible for application testing is Jim Waxman. The Comproc manager you will work with directly is Joy Callahan. 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Beowulf Is A Christian Allegory - 1310 Words

It is common opinion that Beowulf was written by a Christian poet. This was probably true because at the time when it was written, most of the few people who knew how to read and write were in the clergy. There are various references within the poem to elements of the Christian religion. However, the story is about Pagan people and certain aspects of their culture are even glorified. The ambiguity of Beowulf’s religious content has caused confusion as to what significance religion had in inspiring the author and in what manner the author meant to inspire or influence his audience. I do not think that Beowulf is a Christian allegory because Beowulf had very little in common with the Biblical figure of Jesus Christ. I think that religion was not the primary thematic concern of the writer. Although there are discrepancies between the two styles of thinking, Beowulf seems to praise values which were considered moral and good among all humanity, both Christian and Pagan. The text of Beowulf clearly shows that at some point in time Biblical allusions were added to it, and suggests that someone learned in Christianity helped shape the story. The initial depiction of Grendel regarded the beast as â€Å"a fiend out of hell,† and claimed, â€Å"†¦he had dwelt for a time in misery among the banished monsters, Cain’s clan, whom the Creator had outlawed and condemned as outcasts.† References to hell, Cain, and â€Å"the Creator†, make it evident that Christian elements wereShow MoreRelatedChristian Allegory in Beowulf1027 Words   |  4 PagesThe Anglo-Saxon poem â€Å"Beowulf† takes the reader back into a time long past; one of family, fate, and fealty. Beowulf offers a glimpse of a society struggling between two different paths, one path being the assimilation into the new Christian traditions and the other is the fast fading past of glorified warriors and family ties. In the poem, the reader can see the attempts of the poet to convey the values and stories of Judeo-Christianity in a society of Anglo-Saxon paganism. The poet illustratesRead MoreEssay on Christian and Pagan Ideals in Beowulf1343 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues, and past events. Written down in approximately 1,000 A.D. by an unknown author, Beowulf, originally a pagan fable, became a Christian allegory upon its transcription by Christian monks. However, as scholars have debated over the religious context in Beowulf, the attempts by the monks to turn the ep ic poem into a Christian parable ended merged, including both original and Christian aspects. Throughout Beowulf, the epic combines pagan ideals of fate or wyrd and the will of God, the similar conceptsRead MoreEssay about Christian And Pagan Ideals In Beowulf1335 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues, and past events. 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In this sense, Beowulf can be seen as a ChristianRead MoreEssay on Christian Elements in Beowulf1568 Words   |  7 PagesBeowulf is one of the great heroic poems in English literature. The epic follows a courageous warrior named Beowulf throughout his young, adult life and into his old age. As a young man, Beowulf becomes a legendary hero when he saves the land of the Danes from the hellish creatures, Grendel and his mother. Later, after fifty years pass, Beowulf is an old man and a great king of the Geats. A monstrous dragon soon invades his peaceful kingdom and he d efends his people courageously, dying in the processRead MoreChristian and Pagan Virtues Displayed in Beowulf Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesepic poem Beowulf, the Christian allegory is woven with a pagan fable in order to truly represent the characters. The Christian and pagan virtues are successfully synchronized and amalgamate the story as a whole which is displayed by the two main characters, Beowulf and Grendel, through their personal traits. Many Christian elements and values create the disposition of Beowulf. The author of Beowulf creates a character who seen as a Christ- like figure in that he possesses the Christian value ofRead MoreBeowulf : Christian Or Pagan Epic?865 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Smith Waterman English 12 24 September 2015 Beowulf: Christian or Pagan Epic? Believe it or not, Thor was not just a fictional superhero that appeared in comics created by Marvel. Ultimately stemming from Proto-Indo-European religion, Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of Germanic mythology and paganism. Pagans, a member of a community observing a polytheistic religion, dominated Southern Europe society and literature until Christianity slowly drove out paganismRead MoreThe Importance Of Heroism In Beowulf1073 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf is a classic, epic story which theme focuses on good versus evil, â€Å"Beowulf is essentially a heathen poem† (Bodek) said F.A Blackburn because it consists of elements drawn from Anglo-Saxons culture before they were converted to Christians. It is tidily divided into three parts; The battle with Grendel, The battle with Grendel’s mother and the battle with the Dragon. The poem deals with Germanic forebears, the Danes, the Geats and the Swedes. This story features a super-stro ng warrior BeowulfRead MoreBeowulf Is The Oldest Recorded Poem1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe epic poem, Beowulf, is the oldest recorded poem in English and at 3200 lines long, comprises roughly ten percent of the surviving poetry in Old English. Although written in this language, Beowulf focuses on the feats of the poem’s namesake Beowulf, a Geatish prince, and the invading Germanic tribes in Denmark. Understood early on in the poem, these tribes have a lengthy and powerful warrior culture; a culture heavily influenced by heroic virtues, blood vengeance, and paganism. Along with theseRead MoreEssay about Christian Sybolism in Beowulf1598 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Sybolism in Beowulf Within the poem Beowulf, the poet utilizes the Christian religion to symbolize the elements of good and evil and Heaven and Hell. Beowulf is the oldest known English epic poem. The manuscripts date back to about 1000 A.D., when two scribes wrote it down for posterity. The poem was handed down from the Anglo-Saxon period, and through the retelling of the poem, it changed a little each time. The poem creates an oral depiction of an epic hero who strived to

Effects of the Differences in Tax Systems Free Essays

Of late, differences in the tax systems between countries have been a subject of debate and have occupied center stage in most forums. Due to this, we shall now focus on the various effects that have been generated by these differences. Notably, the essay will focus on Japan whose corporate tax rate is the second highest in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of the Differences in Tax Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disparities in the taxation systems between countries give the multinational companies an opportunity to interfere with their transfer prices. For instance, a business man in Japan may chose to understate his sales revenue which is originating from an affiliate in a low tax country while at the same time overstate his purchases from the low tax country (Carroll, 20050). By so doing, the businessman will have shifted most of his reported profits to the low tax countries which will further translate into a reduction of the tax liability or will have participated in tax evasion. Also, the disparities in the tax systems across countries encourage some multinational companies to report disproportionate profits to the low tax countries. In line with this, reports have shown that over 70% of countries with non U. S profits earned by U. S multinational firms are normally taxed at an effective tax rate of below 10%. Precisely, Japan has an effective tax rate of 2. 5%. In addition; the differences in the tax systems between countries give room for corruption (Carroll, 20050). This is in most cases initiated by the tax officials who normally take advantage of the tax payers who are not aware of the procedures to be followed in tax administration. The differences in tax systems have also created an avenue for tax bureaucracy. This normally arise when the disgruntled, low salaried tax officials play a role in protecting the tax evaders who in turn avail some percentage of the tax evaded to them. This was the case in Japan back in 1993 when there was the tax evasion scandal involving Kanemaru Shin. At this point, it is worth concluding with an opinion that numerous measures need to be undertaken to eliminate the negative effects of the difference in tax systems. For instance, countries should standardize the procedures which will make the tax systems to be more transparent and will enhance the integrity of the same (Carroll, 20050). Finally, the tax systems should introduce incentive reforms like the salary incentives which will definitely go a long way in eradicating the corrupt behavior of tax officials. How to cite Effects of the Differences in Tax Systems, Papers

What Motivates Some to Volunteer or Perform free essay sample

What motivates some to volunteer or perform community service? Explain the reasons why some volunteer willingly use their spare time on projects that do not benefit them and even ones that may put them at risk. Write an essay of about 300 words. Remember that although the reasons for volunteering might be many and varied, you should choose those details that best support your overall thesis and use details that are easily understood by your audience. It is the fifth annual campus conference of Active Mind at Penn University. 100 backpacks lying down on the ground, representing each student who takes their own life every year. Alison Malmon founder and director of Active Mind, pledges to save our students from committing suicide. What motivates her and others to volunteer their time to save others? When Alison was freshman at Penn, her brother Brian was a senior at Columbia. Alison reported that Brian while in college was dealing with serious depression but didn’t feel comforta ble telling anyone. We will write a custom essay sample on What Motivates Some to Volunteer or Perform or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, help was too far too late when he kills himself in March of her freshman year. Concerned by that rising situation, Alison and some college students have taking the right decision. They have formed the Active Mind, a nonprofit organization with the goal to stop this problem. They dedicate themselves to raise mental health awareness on college campuses nationally and abroad. Understanding the need to help others cope with difficult situations is one factor out of many. These factors are the ones motivating us to volunteer and serve others. Alison Malmon is one of many who joined their voice together and call for help. Help when our brothers, sisters or our environment are under terrible threat of destructions. That makes us understand without people who care there will be no care for people. Whatever the reasons why we volunteer, we see something that may be an answer to our fight. The fight against real life problems, ideologies that will shape our present and future situations is our motivation. Like Alison and the members of Active Mind, some may willingly devote their time to serve others. But understand the value of life and the necessity to help preserve and improve it is our motivation.

Mother Culture Essay Sample free essay sample

When. have we as worlds decided that what was to be considered good. and evil. what is being done and what is tolerated? Mother civilization. is what we as worlds make it. This sense of how we are to populate. what things in life we are to value. Who counts in the universe. and who does non. Who instead as a voice and who can non talk. this representation is one portion of female parent civilization. This semblance that greatly influences how we categorize the universe is mother civilization. What is it that differentiates us worlds from our environment? This notation that we can command everything around us for our ain benefit. benefit as a whole society. as an person and what we show deserving towards. this authority female parent civilization has on our lives. We worlds as a society ever want to systematise things. We place these adorations on ownerships. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Culture Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and thoughts so we put them into orderly small boxes. invariably streaming through our heads. Mother civilization tells us from a really immature age in American society what we are to endeavor for in life. what peculiar things we habitually will idolize above all. Mother civilization may be defined otherwise depending on the person. The environment in which 1 grows and learns has a major function in how you will see the universe. and what you as the person will take to contemplate on. As a whole society we have a female parent civilization. every bit good as the single people within our society. the person may besides hold their ain individual beliefs of what mother civilization conveys to them. To knock what female parent cultures says to many Americans today is to besides dishonor what I have antecedently valued as my ain female parent civilization for many old ages. To the mean American they are about non scruples of their ain female parent civilization. even though they are so greatly dependent on it for their ain personal self-fulfilling prognostications. Mother civilization in America depicts power as something that we all want and need to hold in our ain lives. Power after all is besides a signifier of control ; control of what is around you and for you to experience like something is beneath you ; That you are exceptionally superior to other worlds. and to your environment. You have the power to alter the landscape. to flatten out what fusss you. to alter it and suit your ain personal assessment of what would suit your female parent civilization. Money and greed are a major beginning of power in American civilization. Money can purchase us more than what others have ; greed is to hold more than the others around you. Who truly knows where this portion of our American female parent civilization came from. but it is true that we feel as a society that money is power. Restraints on our freedoms are a trade good that we do non think with. all harmonizing to the typical American female parent civilization. Freedom in and of its ego can be curtailing. To the typical American freedom is everything to us ; the conformity that it exists. and those people have a pick in what is to go on to our society. After all we have a demarcate authorities system. where we the people have the freedom to vote. and ballot for people who we feel represent us in the most exceeding manner. Freedom is where Americans can acquire a sense of position. but many times we can non reflect these same freedoms on to our environment. and the living things among us. Affluence among 1s equals is a important portion of how one shows their representation of mother civilization to the typical American. We as a society have a occupancy to be avaricious to roll up more. and more. even when it is non important to 1s development or endurance. For illustration to the typical American when your neighbour acquires a new boat. so you must get one every bit good. but non the same boat. it has to be one that is newer. bigger. or better in some signifier. I bet if you looked around in the typical Americans family you can happen several things that one â€Å"must have. † but there it sits. stuffed off in a box or drawer or storage unit where you no longer utilize it. Although if person were to inquire you if you have it among your ownerships you say to them â€Å"why yes. † â€Å"yes I do. make you non posses this. † It is of import to maintain up with what others around you have for ownerships. which is what our female parent civilization is stating to many Americans. To be blunt I am non certain where this portion of our female parent civilization cascaded from. Some older coevalss might state that the great depression made people want to salvage everything for fright of neer have ownerships once more. Other coevalss today might state it is from our urgency disposition to hold what we want. and have it delivered to us in an immediate manner with a bow tied to it. When I begin to look at our female parent civilization. I became well repulsed by what our female parent civilizations are stating our society and what is to be admired with high regard. When I began this book my sense of female parent civilization was nonexistent. I contemplated how my cultural environment assembled my givens of the universe I live in. For a brief minute I thought that I was immune to American female parent civilization. I began to pounder. How could person even see being greedy or demoing another individual mercilessness disregard to the environment and the copiousness for all the life all around us. We as a society theoretical account what we see in our milieus. When do we as societies begin to oppugn our female parent civilization. and if we want to set. what our female parent civilization says about our intuitions? On my ain personal single degree female parent civilizations today has a batch of aggression towards one another. I feel like the life next to me no affair the entity. should have every right to a good being as I have. The job commences when I look within myself. yes I have an honored regard for my environment. but how am I demoing that in my day-to-day life. I still drive a auto ; I still consume things that I might non necessitate to. I still hold the American dollar to certain trade goods in my life. My self-belonging in a group is dependent on female parent civilizations credences of my actions. I can merely trust that with one action there is a reaction. I can trust that the reaction will rouse mother civilization. agitate her up a spot. Adjust how we use the universe around us. do we desire to coexist with our milieus. or do we desire to utilize them all up. in making so finally forcing away all life into extinction including humanity. I am neer the individual who sees the glass half empty. I am ever optimistic. and I think through actions speak for themselves. To alter mother civilization is traveling to take many smaller actions. but it is the small actions that add up to do up a whole female parent civilization. â€Å"The universe was given to adult male to turn into a Eden. but he’s ever screwed it up. because he’s basically flawed. He might be able to make something about this if he knew how he ought to populate. but he doesn’t-and he neer will. because no cognition about that is gettable. So. nevertheless difficult adult male might labour to tur n the universe into a Eden. he’s likely merely traveling to travel on sleep togethering it up. † ( Ishmael. page 89. subdivision 6 ) This quotation mark from the book shows you have much religion is in adult male to alter mother civilization. We might hold the labour power to make so. but do we truly have the cognition. Man has some cognition on how to assist the state of affairs we are presently in. It is following to impossible to get all the cognition to make Eden. cognizing what species we need to watch out for when we might non hold even discovered them yet. From this quotation mark though I get the underlining message that the universe will neer be a Eden. even if adult male alterations. That adult male could. and can be better with alteration. but neer to our optimal degree of coexistent within our environment. â€Å"Culture is a female parent everyplace and at every clip. because civilization is inherently a nurturer-the nurturer of human societies and life styles. Among Leaver peoples. Mother Culture explains and preserves a life-style that is healthy and self-sufficient. Among Taker peoples she explains and preserves a life-style that has proven to be unhealthy and suicidal. † ( Ishmael. page 148. subdivi sion 10 ) This quotation mark about female parent civilizations explains how mother civilization is up to the person and the society that they are in what female parent civilization means to them and how it can alter the hereafter or either good or evil. The way that preserves self-sufficient female parent civilization where adult male can associate to his environment and take it into consideration when doing picks in life. The other way is a way that adult male is already begun to get down down a way where adult male thinks the picks he makes does non consequence other life signifiers around him. the selfish way of discomfiture and desperation. You can acquire a sense that Earth will no longer be or if it does will be really black being among the takers. Among the departers life can boom for all life signifiers and they can co-occur together. â€Å"You must alter people’s heads. And you can’t merely root out a harmful composite of thoughts and leave a nothingness behind ; you have to give people something that is every bit meaningful as what they’ve lost-something that makes better sense than the old horror of Man Supreme. floging out everything on this planet that doesn’t function his demands straight or indirectly. † ( Ishmael. Page 249. subdivision 9 ) This impression that adult male needs more incentivizes to get down down a way of self-sustainability is pathetic. Man should wake up and see what is traveling on around him. and how we might finally pass over out everything around us. Leaving the things that we feel serve our humanistic demands. Then after that. what happens? Does adult male go even more selfish. and utilize up what is left of the life that is functioning us? This shows us the universe can turn out to be a really cheerless topographic point where much of life that surrounds us might non be at that place till the terminal. if we keep taking advantage of how we consequence them straight and indirectly. Sad for me is to believe of life lost because I love the Earth around me. Some yearss. I think the Earth has a pulse and it is the sound of all the life on works Earth. We need to maintain the earths bosom whipping and unrecorded well among other life signifiers in order to function the common good and non give the Earth a bosom onslaught.

Essay on Taxation Essay Example

Essay on Taxation Essay Example Essay on Taxation Essay Essay on Taxation Essay Consumption tax is a levy on the expenditure on goods and services rendered. This form of tax is usually indirect, and there are several types. Some of the most common forms of consumption tax include value-added tax, sales tax, excise tax and expenditure tax. 80% of the federal government revenue is from individual income tax and the payroll taxes that have been continually used to fund the insurance programs (Hyman, 2014). 11% is from corporate income tax and the remaining 9% from other sources. In2014 alone, the federal government collected revenues that totaled to $3 trillion which was equal to 17.5% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Some of the revenue that the government depends on is from the federal excise taxes which is more of a consumption tax that is levied on the goods and services purchased like gasoline and beverages. Taxation Trends State aid has been shown to have crested in the recent past considering the bulk of the government expenditure. The property tax is also another important trend that should be monitored continuously and has increased in the recent past as well. Regardless, there will be probably no significant increments on the same because it is one of the unpopular forms of government revenue. A significant reversal would, therefore, occur in the property tax long-term trends. The governments reliance on charges still continues and prospects assert that it will go on in the future. The fact that citizens are showing resistance to tax coupled with the increasing demand for foods and local services provides the best possible solution to the budget issues (Hyman, 2014). Technology has also made it easy to tax individuals hence the substantial growth in the revenue. Some of the challenges that individual governments face are eternal like people having a preference for those sources of income that are almost invisible like the sumptuary taxes (Bandyopadhyay, 2015). Also, following the trends in government revenue, particularly during the 2007 to 2009 recession, the federal government faced a lot of challenges. It also provided the opportunity to reform the financial and economic system of the states. The primary goal and priority of local governments regarding their goods and services are to create a five-year financial plan, customer service and employing a unified communications strategy. An opportunity for local governments comes in the form of co-production where professionals and citizens share the power to design, plan and deliver goods and services together. This mode of delivery allows the stakeholders to appreciate that each of the partners contributes significantly and are both vital for its success. Regardless, the local governments wi ll experience challenges still in collecting revenue from taxes because people dislike them (Bandyopadhyay, 2015). Performance budgeting is a paramount tool that can be used to improve the whole process of budgeting of the federal government. It involves the utilization of performance measures to make informed decisions. It is through this tool that governments can reduce and eliminate unnecessary expenditures using performance measures. States like Sunnyvale, CA use accounting data to allocate the budgetary resources to its citizens. Tax policy refers to the governments power to decide which tax to levy as well as the amounts. According to reports, corporate income tax rates has been shown to reduce in many countries (New corporate income tax policy, 2010). The rate at which it decreases is, however, varying throughout the countries. It is however projected to decline in many countries in 2016 than in the last two years. Reference Bandyopadhyay, S. (2015). Local government finance: challenges in revenue-raising at the Municipal Corporation of Delhi.Commonwealth Journal Of Local Governance, (16/17), 60-84. Hyman, D. N. (2014). Public finance: A contemporary application of theory to policy (11th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. New corporate income tax policy in corporate restructuring. (2010).China Law Practice (Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC),24(9), 53.

The linked article from The Atlantic magazine presents statistics Essay

The linked article from The Atlantic magazine presents statistics presents statistics documenting the current extent of wealth a - Essay Example Economists, through the media, have been enumerating the benefits of income and wealth inequality in terms of economic efficiency. Most of them assert that the current levels of disparity are just right to spur innovation of new technologies, maintain high levels of productivity among citizens, and increase competition among citizens and workers. However, this has not affected the views of most Americans regarding what they think are ideal levels of income and wealth inequality (Ariely, theatlantic.com). John Rawls’ definition of social inequality is based on the notion that people know everything about the society’s wealth distribution, and are willing to enter the spectrum at any level. Rawls refers to this notion as the ‘veil of ignorance’ because people’s decisions are disconnected from the level of wealth they will attain after making the decision. As a result, their view of the ideal level of income and wealth distribution reflects a level of e quality higher than that of any state in the world, with little disparity between the highest and the lowest levels of income and wealth (Ariely, theatlantic.com). ... Extensive media coverage of the issue of wealth and income disparity increases people’s awareness of the existence of this massive inequality, especially those at the low end of the wealth distribution spectrum. This massive exposure naturally stirs their materialistic tendencies, which translates to a great desire to attain wealth levels equal to those of citizens at the high end of the spectrum. Ultimately, this desire becomes too strong to be restrained among members of the society with a low threshold for maintaining social norms and desirable values. When this critical barrier breaks down, these people will do almost anything to acquire the level of wealth they desire immensely, and they end up getting involved in various illegal and immoral means of earning large amounts of income with as little productive effort as possible. The ultimate result is a high level of muggings, robberies, prostitution, corruption and numerous other social vices and illegal activities. Theref ore, reduction of the inequality of wealth and income distribution between the rich and the poor will benefit the society tremendously. Both the rich and the poor will reap benefits from this reduction because both groups experience the effects of these social evils and crimes. The poor are vulnerable because they lack the resources to ensure their security, whereas wealthier individuals are vulnerable because they are mostly the target of perpetrators of these social crimes and evils. Although the rich have the resources necessary for ensuring their security within the society, the fact that they are mostly the target group in these acts makes them just as vulnerable to crime as individuals at the low end of the wealth distribution spectrum.

Homeland Defense, History of Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Homeland Defense, History of - Case Study Example homeland. The refusal of the U.S. to negotiate with rebels or terrorists and its eagerness to punish advocates of terrorism has formed the situation as well (Jordan, 2002). Current terrorist organizations are becoming ever more engaged in taking lives than acquiring political agreements, and the fear of retaliations has resulted in a bigger need for underground operations and possible deniability among terrorist organizations and their patrons (Gingrich, 2009). The rise of global and nonstate organizations hence has led to opponents who are harder to monitor and prevent than countries are and who are more engaged in initiating destructive occurrences (Larson & Peters, 2001). Technology also serves a vital function. There are growing concerns about the production of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). These involve fears about unstable ex-Soviet nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons or, by means of attempts by purported ‘rogue states’ and highly subsidized organi zations like Osama Bin Laden and Aum Shinrikyo’s group, the growing capability to produce or obtain such weapons (Gingrich, 2009). Likewise, the escalating shipment and range of ballistic missile systems has brought about fears about opponents’ possible capability to attack the U.S. (Jordan, 2002). Lastly, technological developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have curtailed the value of geography and facilitated assaults on information and communication structures and other computer-reliant structures from all over the world (Nicholson & Biden, 2005). These continuing developments also have been disrupted by several attacks abroad and at home that has emphasized the defenselessness of developed states against terrorism, like the United States (Nicholson & Biden, 2005), and has led to many injuries and fatalities. As cited in Cordesman (2002), as explained in the Report of the President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection ( 1997), the Report of the National Defense Panel (1997), the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s evaluation of federal outcome management capacities in 1997, and the account of the DoD Tiger Team on incorporation of National Guard and Reserve endorsement of the responses to attacks of WMD, these trends have encouraged policy-level interest to the issue and the recognition of several weaknesses in the nation’s ability to reduce or prevent the approaching threats (Cordesman, 2002). The approaching threats and weaknesses in response also have resulted in the distribution of important resources to the management and deterrence of the outcomes of terrorist assaults against the U.S. and to critical discussion about the bounds of a homeland security, or currently referred to as ‘homeland defense’, undertaking for the U.S. armed forces and the Department of Defense (DoD) (Larson & Peters, 2001). The undertaking would back up the national attempt to mitigate the t hreats and outcomes of potential attacks on the United States. This essay will attempt to give a general idea of the major policy concerns linked to homeland defense. This will be a critical essay presenting a case study

International strategic marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International strategic marketing - Essay Example With so many companies with plethora of products, the market is merely clattering and when to enter into this market, one must see the background, the existing pleaers and the detailed product preference. In spite of the big names like Perfetti or Nestle, the domestic compatriots are ready to give a run for the money and to optimize the market potentials one must look for an wise approach. Albeit being considered as of inferior quality, the companies like Lebanon’s Gandour, Israel’s Strauss-Elite, and Iran’s Dadash Baradar are on the helm of the affair because of their price competitiveness and the attractive get up strategy. To enter into this market and make the presence felt in a formidable manner needs a shroud market strategy orientation and proper positioning. When each and every player are hell bent in entering a thriving market, when the potential is enormous, it needs to be understand that the milieu can not be free for all type. The thriving market, the proper positioning and a forceful promotion which includes a proper background study in cross cultural environment is the need of the hour. The theories are there to contemplate the situation but in hard reality, one has to be the winner to survive. That is the order of the day and the yardstick of the rule. Back Ground The situation that leads to this hype in the market of confectioners are not created overnight. The social milieu, the other factors are also responsible for the same. Predominantly Muslim population of the said terrain carries a deep rooted of socio cultural condition that is also responsible for this northward posting of the sales graph. The month long festivity during Eid and several other festivals, coupled with the gifting habit had definitely fueled the surge. (2) Apart from that, the diversified choice of customers with different type of liking has opened new vistas to the manufacturers. Not to mention, the deep pockets of the population has given the manufac turers the fullest chance to experiment different conceivable combination in full throttle, resulting a good and holistic growth of the said market. Objectives The objectives of choosing the Middle East Region are to grab the opportunities in both hand. A swelling market with an average GDP growth of around 20 %, the youths and old alike who had developed their affinity towards confectionaries, unlike western countries, where the market is thriving though the anti campaign masquerading as health consciousness etc still persists. The Middle East Positioning The modus operandi of this dissertation is the positioning of a new product into the confectionary market in Middle East. The situation to be dealt in a delicate manner. As per the survey, the No 1 position is being taken in the same field by Nestle followed by Modern Food. The local players, as discussed, have the formidable presence. At this backdrop, these policies are to be implemented- 1. The authority must think of Providing Manufacturing License to the local players. The existing players are indeed interested in this short of arrangement. It will also buffer the tough competitions from the major players abroad like Nestle, Cadbury or Master food for that matter. The lowered tariff rate also plays a major part in amalgamating the

Reflective Analysis of Viva Voce

Reflective Analysis of Viva Voce Introduction Viva voce and a reflection, both a requirement for successful completion of the course. For somebody not used to this form of assessment process, it is just but normal to ask oneself what? , why? and how?. Although a brief and complete orientation, description and information was provided in the early part of the curriculum, it is only in the end that I have fully understand its significance to my learning. Through the viva voce and a reflective writing that I was able to evaluate myself in terms of what I have learned? (Knowledge), what I can do? (Skills gained), and what I have become? (Attitude)†¦ A competent practitioner. A highlight that I have to address in the Intensive Care Course. For it is in a reflective practise that we gain new understanding and appreciation (Mann et al. 2009). Description This is a reflective piece about my viva voce that revolves around my care of a 73 year old male referred to as Mr X, 6 hours post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. As he became hemodynamically compromised, I have discussed Mr. X’s assessment in relation to a normal physiological compensatory mechanism involve and the care given. Review of Mr. X history sheet and assessment details found in appendix 1, was suggestive of hypovolemic shock as further supported by his clinical symptoms. Clinically, it can be classified as mild, moderate or severe (Kelly, 2005). This leads to organ hypoperfusion characterized by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, decrease cardiac output and high Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) as a result of hypovolaemia. It can be due to excessive fluid loss such as haemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhoea, burns or inadequate fluid intake (Adam and Osborne, 2005). Strengths and Areas for Development Stress and anxiety, is always a major predicament that I had been most worried about. I have tried to alleviate this from reading, rehearsing and any other form of preparation needed one would have conceived about. In the end, the anticipation that your next, was the most gruelling. I believe, I was in its entirety at best well prepared, organized and chronological in my presentation of points and information with some hiccups along the way but acceptable although can be overall improve given the situation. Upon presentation of Mr. X’s assessment details and laboratory result, and concluded hypovolaemia as a cause of haemodynamic compromise based on supporting evidences, I, at some point, preceded in the discussion of physiological responses as a result of decrease in cardiac output. This is due to decrease in circulating blood volume. His Haemoglobin level was acceptable and there is no signs of active bleeding. During my discussion, I have mentioned about how low circulating blood volume results in decrease End Diastolic Volume (EDV). This stimulates the baroreceptors located at the aortic arch and carotid sinuses to send signal to the medullary centre of the brain which in turn causes the release of adrenalin and noradrenalin by the action of the adrenal medulla (Jevon and Evens, 2008). This supported why Mr. X is tachycardic. The human body compensates in various ways through the involvement of different organ system working together to establish haemostasis. In renal response I have mentioned the involvement of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System. Not to be exhaustive with information, this involves the release of renin through the action of the juxtaglomerular cells stimulated because of decrease renal blood flow , which in turn is converted to angiotensin 1 by angiotensinogen. Angiotensin 1 is then transformed by the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) predominantly found in the lungs to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes increase in renal sodium and water retention. A surge in osmolarity in the blood stimulates the release of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland. This results in the reabsorption of solute free water in the distal tubules and collecting system of the kidneys and fu rther stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction (McGloin and McLeod, 2010). With the reabsorption of sodium and water, coupled with vasoconstriction the circulating blood volume is improved thus, result in the increase in the end diastolic volume. This improves muscle contraction of the heart and overall the cardiac output. Hence Mr. X low urine output. Although I felt satisfied about my presentation of cardiac and renal responses to a decrease in cardiac output, my explanation in regards to metabolic acidosis more specifically in the aspect of cellular anaerobic metabolism was somehow lacking in its content. Glucose being a major carbohydrate, is a fuel used by cells in our body. Its metabolism travels through a pathway called glycolysis with the end product referred to as pyruvate, a three carbon acid. Inside the cell with mitochondria and oxidative metabolism, this is converted completely into Co2 and water known as aerobic glycolysis (Baynes, n.d.). In contrary, lactic acid is the end product of anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the tissues during persistent oxygen deprivation secondary to an insult caused by decrease circulating blood volume, and owerwhelming of the bodies buffering abilities (Gunnerson et. al. 2013). These explains why Mr. X lactate shows an increasing pattern with a base excess noted at – 5.9. Familiarity and consistency in my opinion is my area of development. I need to continually update myself with the ever changing needs of the client more so, of the profession. This includes current research based guidelines and policies. From reading books, journals, articles, new discoveries or trends in the field of critical care. More importantly, to continue to look after haemodynamically compromised patients to help facilitate maintain and improve a level of my competency and skills in Intensive care nursing. Implication for Practice With the knowledge and skills that I have gained from the viva voce and looking after clients with haemodynamic instability, supported with theory during lectures and mentoring, I am better able to understand what is happening inside the body as is tries to compensates to maintain haemostasis. More importantly, act upon the needs of the patient, and anticipates interventions with rationales for doing so. With the knowledge and skills that I will be bringing back to the unit, I will be able to help enhance the standard of care through mentorship. References Adam, S. K. and Osbourne, S. (2005) Critical Care Nursing: Science and Practice. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baynes, J. W. (n.d.) Anaerobic Metabolism of Glucose in the Red Blood Cells [online] Available from: http://molar.crb.ucp.pt/cursos/1 º e 2 º Ciclos Lics e Lics com Mests/MD/1 ºANO/2 ºSEM/12-UBA5/TPs/TP1/Baynes Cap11- Metabolismo da Glucose.pdf [Accessed12/12/13] Jevon, P. and Ewens, B. (2008) Monitoring of the Critically Ill Patient. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Kelly, D. M. (2005) Critical Care Nursing. Volume 28, no. 1 pp 2-19. Lippincott. Williams and Williams, inc. Gunnerson, K et al. (2013) Lactic Acidosis[online] Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/167027-overview [Accessed12/12/13] Mann, K., Gordon, J. MacLeod, A. (2009) Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Practice, 14(4), 595-621. doi: 10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2 McGloin, S. and McLeod, A. (2010) Advance Practice in Critical Care – A Case Study Approach. Oxford. Blackwell Publishing Appendix 1 On the start of the shift , received a patient in ITU who is 73 years of age, now 6 hours post CABG. He has been weaned off sedation and now ready for extubation. Pre operatively his echo showed good LV. Upon review of his chart showed a blood pressure of 140/60 mmhg. Now fully awake, proceeded with extubation at 20:30. His risk factors are; prev. MI, HTN, DM type 2, high Cholesterol, smoker and TIA x2. At 22:00 his assessment findings are: HR 110- 120 bpm BP 85/55 mmhg MAP 55-60 mmhg CVP 2 Temp. 36.5 Urine output 25mls/ hr ( Weighs 85kg) GCS : E4V4M6 Mediatinal drain 25mls –serosanguineous Bloods: K+ 4.9 mmol/L Na 143 mmol/L Urea 8 mmol/L Creatinine 80 umol/L Hb. 9.0 g/L Hct 35% WBC 8.4 k/ul ABG’s pH 7.29 pCO2 5.54 kPa pO2 18.4 kPa HCO3 19.4 mmol/L BE -5.9 mmol/L Lactate 1.9 mmol/L He is on maintenance fluids of 85ml/hour 5% Dextrose, 2L of geloplasma cautiously given against CVP and eventually started on Noradrenaline to achieve a MAP of 70mmhg.

Technology :: essays research papers fc

Systems and Technology Electronics Unit 1 - 2005 Index Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 What Technology is Used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 How and Why was it developed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Advantages and Disadvantages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Who is Affected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Log Friday 22nd April – Interviewed John Margheriti about BrakeQuips Brake Hose Manufacturing System. Duration: 30 minutes. Took many notes. Monday 25th April – Did introduction page and started to right up ‘What Technology was used’ page with notes from interview. Tuesday 26th April – Finished the ‘What Technology was used’ page Wednesday 27th April – Realized that I didn’t have enough notes to continue Thursday 28th April – Interviewed John Margheriti about BrakeQuips Brake Hose Manufacturing System for a second time. Duration: 10 minutes. Took more notes. Monday 2nd May – Wrote up ‘Advantages and Disadvantage’ and ‘Who is affected’. Tuesday 3rd May – Wrote up ‘How and why is was developed’ and Conclusion Wednesday 4th May – Put finishing touches and completed assignment Introduction In the automotive industry, the ‘ON DEMAND’ concept is very important.

The newly theory of educationalists

Harmonizing the freshly theory of educationists at place and aboard said that the best age to larn L2 is from 4 to 12 year-old. During these times, most kids have entered simple school. Therefore, it is an indispensable for simple school pupils to put up English lesson, which has become a tendency in most metropoliss in China including their rural topographic points. And the National Ministry of Education issued a papers, which said that bit by bit offer English class in simple school from Grade Three, in 2001. In this new course of study criterion, emotional factors in instruction and acquisition are listed in the top topographic point for the ground that linguistic communication acquisition can non go from the emotion.1.1 The importance of survey students ‘ anxiousnessThere are legion grounds for believing that the influence of anxiousness is really of import in 2nd linguistic communication ( L2 ) acquisition. First, anxiousness is by and large seen as a psychological construct and has been explored by research workers. Spielberg ( 1966 ) defines anxiousness as subjective, consciously sensed feelings of apprehensiveness and tenseness, accompanied by or associated with activation or rousing of the autonomic nervous system. Gardner and MacIntyre ( 1993 ) think, linguistic communication larning anxiousness is the tense and awe emotion in L2 context ( including speech production, listening, reading and composing ) . This anxiousness is connected straight with public presentation in the mark linguistic communication, so non simply a general public presentation anxiousness. Second, students ‘ character has specialness in L2 for they are at advantage in L2 larning. They are characterized by good stimulation, memory and version. Those who begin to larn L2 at an early age are able to do greater accomplishment than those who begin to larn when they are grownups. However, students may hold some disadvantages in L2: undeveloped intelligence, deficiency of self-denial and could non know apart mistakes from their equals and even their instructors with low learning quality and narrow cognition. Besides, different emotion has different impact on L2 acquisition. Harmonizing the research of Eills ( 2000 ) students who are motivated by promotive anxiousness could dispute the new undertaking, arouse their possible and overcome troubles, therefore they get L2 larning success. In contrast, negative emotions and attitudes, such as the psychological science of inordinate pendency, timidness and introvertive personality, particularly anxiousness, will act upon L2 ac quisition and merely receive litter input. â€Å" Anxiety tends to non successful L2 acquisition † ( Arnoldi2000, p.292 ) . Third, students ‘ emotion, American psychological linguists Krashen ‘s 5th premise, is involved the procedure of linguistic communication acquisition and filters linguistic communication input merely like a protection screen commanding the input variables and inhaled measure that they could touch. Therefore, anxiousness, as a negative emotion factor, badly affects simple pupils ‘ motive in English acquisition. Krashen ( 1982 ) besides clearly indicates that students ‘ emotional filtering device through impacting its input variables. Thus the higher acquisition anxiousness, the more the input prevented by the affectional filter device which leads to linguistic communication learning failure ( Krashen, 1985 ) . Spielberg ( 1996 ) surveies show that 20 % pupils give up because of anxiousness and although 6 % of them is merely mild anxiousness. By understanding the correlativity between the linguistic communication anxiousness ( LA ) and English speech production proficiency of students, instructors can assist cut down the pupils ‘ degree of LA and bring forth better acquisition effects in the low-anxiety 1eaming environment. It is hoped that the findings will pull instructors ‘ attending to pupils ‘ tilting demands and acknowledge what and why students like to make in classroomi?Z The concluding and necessary significance is to acquire the pedagogical solutions based on writer ‘s research and cognize how to supply a low dying environment for the pupils and do them larn English more expeditiously and happy.1.2 The background of researching students ‘ anxiousnessAnxiety plays a nucleus in linguistic communication acquisition. Decreasing the negative consequence of anxiousness and sensible use of anxiousness have become indispensable parts of L2 larning. Therefore, students ‘ anxiousness has now drawn much attending from both linguists and linguistic communication instructors. In other words the importance of students ‘ anxiousness has received more and more attending in the past 20 old ages or so. From late 1970s to 1980s, some bookmans showed their concerns about affectional spheres. Many theories such as Krashen ‘s proctor theoretical account discuss the important function of affectional variables. In Krashen ‘s theoriesithe good known affectional filter hypothesis describes the relationship between affectional factors and L2 acquisition. The natural attack by Krashen and Terrell ( 1983 ) is an case, which is designed to assist novices go intermediates. It provides comprehendible input to scholars by following different sorts of techniques and activities. Bailey ( 1983 ) analyzed that the LA is caused by competition, scrutiny and interpersonal relationship between instructors and students. Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope ( 1986 ) were the first to handle foreign LA separate and distinguishable phenomenon peculiar to linguistic communication acquisition. Since 1990s, researches into anxiousness survey began bit by bit have become a focal point of present survey. MacIntyre wrote, in 1999, that â€Å" the term foreign LA, or more merely LA, was merely get downing to be used in the literature † . Trait anxiousness has been improved to impact cognitive functioningidisrupt memory, lead to avoidance behaviour and some other effects ( MacIntyre & A ; Gardner 1991 a ) . Gardner and MacIntyre stated that the strongest ( negative ) correlative of linguistic communication accomplishment is anxiousness ( 1993 ) . Studies show the negative correlativity of anxiousness with the undermentioned: self-esteem, i.e. , the judgement of one ‘s ain worth ( Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope 1 986 ; Price 1991 ; Scarcella and Oxford 1 992 ) Since now, Chinese bookmans besides begin to concentrate on anxiousness in acquisition and instruction. Liu Meihua and Shen Mingbo ( 2004 ) pointed out that there were two sorts of anxiousness in English schoolroom: trait anxiousness and environment anxiousness. Both of them influenced the pupils ‘ unwritten English public presentation negatively. Zhang Baoyan ( 1996 ) made a research on the correlativity between LA and listening proficiency among 40 Chinese college pupils. However, much of the research is frequently focused on certain facets and much of it is used for college pupils, high school pupils or secondary school pupils and seldom used for simple. Over the past old ages, there were legion surveies on students ‘ anxiousness of L2, but most of them focused on either college degree ( Aida, 1994 ; Ganschow et a1. , 1994 ) or high school degree ( Chang, 1999 ; Ganschow & A ; Sparks 1996 ; Liao 1999 ) . Few of them paid attending to primary school degree except the su rvey of Chan and Wu ( 2000 ) . The anxiousness is closely related with students ‘ motive in English acquisition. The proper anxiousness could imitate students to get the better of troubles and to prosecute deeper cognition, while inordinate anxiousness work stoppages pupils simulations of English acquisition. In the facet of encouragement, the congratulations is able to imitate immature scholars ‘ larning involvement and positive emotion, give rise to and so beef up larning motive and eventually do them take enterprises and to develop their accomplishments and abilities. In a word, encouragement could decrease students ‘ anxiousness in L2. And this English acquisition tide is farther encouraged by an of importII Problems of Teaching and Learning English Existing in simple SchoolsThe fact that English has become one of the focal points of kids instruction in China is undeniable. However there are several jobs still at that place.2.1 Problems from facets of English instructionFrom the â€Å" instr uction † facet: 1 ) LA in learning is non adequate solid. The New Curriculum Criteria enhances learning ends, taking at spoken linguistic communication, unit of ammunition grammar applying, vocabulary memorizing and all the ends which can better the simple school pupils ‘ public presentation in larning English. Hence some of the instructors neglect the importance of students ‘ LA. 2 ) The positive influence of anxiousness has been looked down. Most instructors think any anxiousness is negative in learning. However, the proper anxiousness helps to hike students ‘ motive on English acquisition, which is good for instructor to take advantage of this positive influence to imitate students ‘ involvement.2.2 Problems from facets of English acquisitionFrom the â€Å" acquisition † facet, 1 ) Elementary school ‘s English has no scrutiny force per unit area of come ining a higher school. The individual rating instrument leads to the deficiency of pupils ‘ motive to larn. Many pupils merely interested in larning for a piece, and with the addition of analyzing trouble, the more learning, the more hard. Gradually they lose their acquisition involvements and make a sense of failure, therefore lose the assurance in larning English. 2 ) As instructors neglect to pay their attending to students ‘ anxiousness, consequence in instructors ‘ taking vocabulary, grammar for their chief instruction undertakings. It does non suit the psychological features and larning features of students. 3 ) Class limited. Since merely three hours of a hebdomad, students ‘ anxiousness aroused from the category could non be fleet lessened in category, therefore they begin to mistrust their capableness for L2, which draw them experience a weary of L2.III Language anxiousness3.1 Definition of linguistic communication anxiousnessLanguage anxiousness ( LA ) can be defined as the fright or apprehensiveness happening when a scholar is expected to execute in the 2nd or foreign linguistic communication ( Gardner & A ; MacIntyre 1993 ) or the concern and negative emotional reaction when acquisition or utilizing a 2nd linguistic communication ( L2 ) ( MacIntyre 1999 ) . The literature on affectional variables in L2 acquisition shows that anxiousness is one of the cardinal factors in L2 acquisition. Although anxiousness plays an of import function in L2 acquisition, research has non produced a consensus refering that function. The inconsistent findings suggest that anxiousness is a complex concept, as is its map in L2 acquisition. Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope ( 1986 ) were the first to handle foreign linguistic communication anxiousness as a separate and distinguishable phenomenon peculiar to linguistic communication acquisition ( Young, 1991 ) . At the clip, the term foreign linguistic communication anxiousness, or more merely linguistic communication LA, was merely get downing to be used in the literature ( MacIntyre, 1999 ) . LA is merely one of several types of anxiousness that have been identified by psychologists. In general, there are two attacks to description of LA: ( 1 ) LA may be viewed as a manifestation of other more general types of anxiousness. For illustration, test-anxious people may experience dying when larning a linguistic communication because they feel invariably tested or diffident people may experience uncomfortable of the demands of pass oning publically. ( 2 ) LA may be seen as a typical signifier of anxiousness expressed in response to linguistic communication acquisition. That is, something alone to the language-learning experience makes some persons nervous.3.2 Types of linguistic communication anxiousnessScovel ( 1978 ) , establishing on the features of individuals with LA, divided LA into trait anxiousness ( that is the inclination of persons in footings of anxiousness and psychological features of personality ) , province anxiousness ( that is the pupils produced a minute of a nxiousness ) and state of affairs specific anxiousness ( that refers to specific state of affairss, such as a peculiar minute in public statements, scrutinies, category engagement and other persons to see anxiousness ) , in which state-type anxiousness is the merchandise uniting trait anxiousness with state of affairs specific anxiousness. In L2 acquisition, the factor of trait anxiousness is less of import, while sometimes the function of province anxiousness is easing, and sometimes the function is enfeebling. Harmonizing the impact of LA on pupils, LA is divided into easing anxiousness and enfeebling anxiousness sing by Alpert and Harber. Generally speech production, easing anxiousness is associated with high acquisition and public presentation which can promote students to dispute themselves and new undertakings, self-regulating the force per unit area from LA, through imitating students to get the better of acquisition troubles, while enfeebling anxiousness is a sort of anxiousness that harms larning and public presentation, that is to state, enfeebling anxiousness leads a great trade of the negative consequence to students and forms a hinder of soaking up from L2 larning. Students who have enfeebling anxiousness may experience concern and self-double, they will cut down their engagement and create turning away of linguistic communication. Gardner and Maclntyre stated that the strongest ( negative ) correlative of linguistic communication accomplishment is anxiousness ( 1993 ) . Studies show the negative correlativity of anxiousness with the undermentioned: self-esteem, i.e. , the judgement of one ‘s ain worth ( Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope 1986 ; Price 1991 ; Scarcella and Oxford 1992 ) ; public presentation in speech production and composing undertakings ( Trylong 1987 ; Young 1986 ) ; assurance in linguistic communication acquisition ( Maclntyre and Gardner 1991 ; Gardner and Maclntyre 1993 ) ; classs in linguistic communication class ( Aida 1994 ; Horwitz 1986 ; Trylong 1987 ) ; proficiency trial public presentation ( Ganshow, Sparks, Anderson, Javorsky, Skinner and Patton 1994 ; Gardner, Ladonde, Moorcroft and Evers 1987 ) . The relationship between linguistic communication and linguistic communication public presentation is complex. Young ( 1991 ) explained that sometimes linguistic communication anxiousness is negatively related to one accomplishment and non another. Ganschow, Sparks, Anderson, Javorsky, Skiller and Patton ( 1994 ) suggested that high anxiousness might be a consequence of linguistic communication larning jobs instead than the cause. Some research workers suggested that linguistic communication anxiousness was really â€Å" easing † or â€Å" helpful † in some ways, such as maintaining pupils alert ( Scovel 1978 ) . Facilitating anxiousness has been shown in a few surveies related to: high linguistic communication proficiency and assurance among a hand-picked group of first-class linguistic communication scholars ( Ehrman and Oxford 1995 ) ; unwritten production of hard English constructions among native Arabic-speakers and Spanish-speakers ( Kleinmann 1977 ) ; good classs in linguistic communication categories for pupils in regular Gallic, German, and Spanish categories but non for pupils in audio linguistic categories ( Chastain 1975 ) . On the being of anxiousness ‘s helpfulness, linguistic communication research workers hold different positions. Horwitz ( 1990 ) suggested that anxiousness is merely helpful for really simple acquisition undertakings, but non with more complicated acquisition such as linguistic communication acquisition. Young Terrell ( 1992 ) interviewed Rardin, Omaggio Hadley and Krashen the experts of linguistic communication larning about the helpfulness of linguistic communication anxiousness. Rardin said that a positive facet of anxiousness operates all the clip, but we merely notice when a negative instability occurs. Omaggio Hadley responded that a certain sum of tenseness might be utile for linguistic communication acquisition, but she refused to name the tenseness â€Å" anxiousness † . Similarly, Terrell preferred to name such tenseness â€Å" attending † instead than â€Å" anxiousness † . Krashen contended that anxiousness is incapacitated to linguistic communi cation acquisition, but it might be helpful for the scholars in formal linguistic communication larning state of affairss.3.3 Components of linguistic communication anxiousnessBailey ( 1983 ) considered the ground that gives rise to LA including competition, scrutiny, the relationship between instructor and scholars. Horwitz and her co-workers ( 1986 ) conceptualized the constituents of LA particularly L2 larning into three parts: communicating apprehensiveness, trial anxiousness, and fright of negative rating3.3.1 Communication apprehensivenessCommunication apprehensiveness is â€Å" an person ‘s degree of fright or anxiousness associated with either existent or awaited communicating with another individual or individuals † ( McCroskey, 1982, p.27 ) . Harmonizing to this definition, the contents of LA are logically related to these of communicating apprehensiveness, because one of the most outstanding maps of linguistic communication is to pass on interpersonally. It i s assumed that people who are communicatively discerning in their native linguistic communication will see even Beater anxiousness in talking L2. However, some people who are communicatively discerning in a L2 are non needfully apprehensive in their native linguistic communication. In fact, L2 communicating apprehensiveness is best predicted by native linguistic communication apprehensiveness. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension ( PRCA ) , foremost developed by McCroskey in 1970, was revised in 1982 to a 24-item from which is used to measure grownups ‘ communicating apprehensiveness in four state of affairss, viz. , in dyad interpersonal conversation, group treatment, meetings and public speech production. In one article, McCroskey proposed that the cogency of a step was best predicted by the consistence between empirical consequences and hypotheses of experiments based upon theories associating to the concept of the step. He summarized surveies which employed the PRCA as a step of communicating apprehensiveness harmonizing to the five proposition of communicating apprehensiveness theory. These five propositions were: 1. Peoples vary in the grade to which they are discerning about unwritten communicating with other people. 2. Peoples with high unwritten communicating apprehensiveness seek to avoid unwritten communicating. 3. Peoples with high unwritten communicating apprehensiveness engage in less unwritten communicating than make less orally discerning people. 4. When people with high unwritten communicating apprehensiveness do pass on, their unwritten communicating behaviour differs from that of people who are less discerning. 5. As a consequence of their unwritten communicating behaviour, extremely communicatively discerning people are perceived less positively by others than are less discerning people ( McCroskey 1978 ) . The PRCA conducted harmonizing to four types of communicating apprehensiveness which were the most obvious types an person encountered in the communicating contexts ( McCroskey, 1982 ) . Trait-Like Communication Apprehension is the first type which experienced by many individuals in a instead general province across all communicating contexts. Generalized-Situation Communication Apprehension which represents communicating apprehensiveness in a individual generalised context is the 2nd type. For case, one individual may be extremely discerning in one state of affairs, for illustration public speech production, but may see less anxiousness in other state of affairss as little group treatment. The 3rd type is Person-Group Communication Apprehension which involves an orientation of the single toward communicating with a specific individual or group of individuals under whatever fortunes the communicating took topographic point. Situation Communication Apprehension is the 4th type, it com bines those apprehension orientations above which happened to the person while pass oning with given single or groups, in a given clip and context.3.3.2 Test anxiousnessTest anxiousness is, â€Å" the inclination to go alarmed about the effects of unequal public presentation on a trial or other rating † ( Sarason 1984 ) i investigated in L2 larning procedure, and the consequences of these surveies are really confusing and non easy to construe. In Young ‘s survey ( 1986 ) , an outstanding negative correlativity between anxiousness and the Oral Proficiency Interview is found. In another survey, Chastain ( 1975 ) correlated the trial tonss of French, German, and Spanish scholars with two anxiousness graduated tables. And Chastain besides found that the tonss of Gallic audio-lingual method pupils were negatively correlated with the trial anxiousness, while the tonss of traditional German and Spanish pupils were positively correlated with trial anxiousness. A figure of facto rs can take to the trial anxiousness, such as the negative experience that pupils one time have experienced before, less assurance to execute in the testing state of affairss or being afraid of holding bad tonss on trials. All of these can develop prevenient anxiousness. Another factor which contributes to the trial anxiousness is deficiency of readying. Students will experience overwhelmed when their clip direction and survey wonts are really hapless, and deficiency of organisation. The scholars who follow a clear perusal program will experience more confident than those who are loath but forced to jam in L2 larning procedure. Suitable force per unit area for pupils who want to execute better in the trials is a good motive, but if it is excessively serious, the consequences are opposite. Thought in this facet, pupils should pay much attending on the negative effects of failure, instead than fix to be successful in the trials.3.3.3 Fear of negative evaluatedWatson & A ; Friend defin ed it as â€Å" apprehensiveness about others ‘ ratings, turning away of appraising state of affairss, and the outlook that others would measure one negatively † ( Watson & A ; Friend 1969 ) . The fright of negative rating is similar to prove anxiousness. The former is broader in range for trial anxiousness which is merely limited to the trial pickings state of affairss, but fright of negative rating may happen in any societal state of affairs. The fright of hapless public presentation and ridicule by equals is mistaking to one ‘s â€Å" linguistic communication self-importance † . The self-image of L2 scholars, particularly of students, is challenged because they have less control over the linguistic communication and do non experience like themselves when talking a L2. Horwitz and her associates concluded that LA is non merely the combination of communicating apprehensiveness, trial anxiousness and fright of negative rating, although they form the foundation of linguistic communication anxiousness surveies. LA should be regard as â€Å" a distinguishable composite of self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings, and behaviours related to classroom linguistic communication larning originating from the singularity of the linguistic communication larning procedure † ( Horwitz et al. , 1986, p.128 )IV Methods and Measure of lessen students ‘ anxiousnessThis chapter will present the methods of the survey and discourse the steps of lessen students ‘ anxiousness in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition.4.1 MethodsThis probes aim at larning the degree of students ‘ anxiousness so far, seeking and the doing factors of students ‘ anxiousness 1 ) Questionnaires The participants of the questionnaires are 21students from Kehuan English preparation school, whose ages are from 8 to 13. Two questionnaires were applied in this survey. Questionnaire 1 of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale of Primary School was designed by the writer to observe pupils ‘ linguistic communication anxiousness. Questionnaire 2 was used to calculate out that which schoolroom activities were popular among pupils, whereas, which activities made pupils nervous, and beginnings and factors arousing pupils ‘ anxiousness were to be found out every bit good. 2 ) Interviews The present survey uses pupil interviews to calculate out pupils ‘ English acquisition experiences and other beginnings arousing their dying reactions in and outside the schoolroom. The interviews start with the undermentioned inquiries: What hold your parents done about your English propensity? How do you experience in English category? Do you believe you have English larning anxiousness? Do you believe what grounds straight lead to your anxiousness?4.2 Analysis the factors taking students ‘ anxiousnessHarmonizing analysis the studies, it is easy to cognize that students ‘ LA is caused by the undermentioned four grounds: 1 the scholar ‘s ain failings such as deficiency of assurance ; 2 inordinate demands from parents on their kids, deficiency of communicating ; 3 instructors improperly steering.Failings from students ‘ charactersPupils deficiency of self- assurance easiness to be anxiousness in larning L2. Some students may of course timid that they do n't cognize what to make or bury the most familiar cognition due to tenseness, even if they carefully fix in category to speech. Some conservative students who lack of adventuresome spirit fright of doing errors for being joked after category. In add-on, writer besides found that the students from hapless household or countryside have higher anxiousness.4.2.2 Excessive demands from parents on their kidsParental unrealistic demands or missing communicating frequently affects students ‘ larning emotion which causes LA. Through single interviews, writer analysis the consequence of relationship between parents and students, and found that the parents with high instruction background wage attending to pass on with their kids, while the low instruction background 1s non merely have non adequate communicating, but evaluate their kid in a really signal certify: tonss foremost. They think that the pupils with first-class academic perforates are good kids ; the pupils with worse academic perforates are bad 1s. These wrong judgements overburden students L2 acquisition, which result in students have to hard work to derive a high mark. But the effect is non every bit good as parents ‘ outlook for the factors of intelligent, survey schemes, and larning capacity. Most of hapless household parents fiting with non high educational background make money by high- tenseness manual work. The disproportionate payment force they desperately desire their kids altering destiny through first-class larning mark in school. Although there are many outstanding pupils among them, the general students are common pupils who are sing LA, such as embarrassment, cryings, self-blame and even give up, in forepart of larning reverses.4.2.3 Teachers improperly steeringTeachers are one of chief indispensable educational scenes. In the procedure of L2 acquisition, the instructor is the most of import factor. Pupils ‘ LA is non merely about their ain psychological qualities, but besides about the direct or indirect relationship with their instructors. In learning procedure, instructors due to their quality or improperly utilizing educational methods or means impact on students ‘ larning psychological science which easy causes LA. Besides, some instructors with bad piques are frequently austere, who could make n't digest any mistake of students, so that they prefer to penalize or utilize bodily penalty, which add students ‘ psychological load, advancing larning hostility, and hinder students ‘ roundly grow and school ‘ normal instruction.4.3 Measures of lessen linguistic communication anxiousness4.3.1 Measures to get the better of failings of students ‘ charactersGet the better ofing students ‘ failings of characters chiefly focus on hiking their assurance of English and imitating their acquisition motive through promoting them that they can get the better of any trouble when they learning English. The instructors can utilize the undermentioned steps to advance students ‘ assurance: First, making a comfy, non-threatening environment to promote moderate risk-taking without aching pupils ‘ self-pride ; Second, to avoid rectifying errors made by pupils purely in the schoolroom ; Third, to utilize proper competition in the schoolroom ; Fourthly, to set frontward proper schoolroom ends and demands harmonizing to the different degrees of the pupils ; Fifthly, to give wagess in clip to pupils to cultivate self-esteem and cut down the anxiousness ensuing from fearing of negative rating ; Sixthly, to avoid inquiring the pupils for perfect public presentation in English schoolroom ; Seventhly, to assist pupils utilize active pedagogical deductions, for illustration, self-encouragement ; Eighthly, to avoid the activities that pupils think unhappy ; Ninthly, to avoid the activities which are in hit with larning purposes ; Tenthly, to avoid the activities which are above or beyo nd the pupils ‘ abilities ; Eleventh, to avoid the activities which are harmful to self-image and social-image ; Twelfth, to utilize acquisition in 2nd schoolroom to assurance and concerted self-pride ; Thirteenth, to promote the pupils to larn to esteem, understand and do friends with others While using the above suggestions, the pupils can cover with linguistic communication of self-esteem and negative rating efficaciously every bit possible as they can. Merely in this manner can the pupils enjoy larning English and accomplish success in English acquisition.4.3.2 Measures to parents ‘ influenceParents should convey good influence on their kid, because they are students ‘ key grownups whose attitudes straight relate to students ‘ motive to L2 acquisition. 1 ) Puting up good parent- instructor partnerships Schools as the specific educational establishment have abundant educational cognition, while parents are non provided with these. Therefore, schools should heighten partnership with parents and promote rational theory: 1. Schools can present circular educational theory by school-newspapers. The school-newspaper edits instructors learning contemplation and jobs they one time meted and solved and students ‘ heartfelt want about larning. All of these are helpful to beef up the communicating between schools and parents. 2. Parents meeting should be convoked on a regular basis. In the meeting, parents should be allowed together with pedagogues to place concerns, analyze state of affairss, develop and implement programs, and measure end attainment. Problem work outing, information assemblage, and resource sharing are all heightened. The attitudes parents and pedagogues hold about each other set the phase for an atmosphere conducive for the formation of effectual relationships. School forces that attempt to set plans into topographic point in the absence of constructive attitudes and a healthy ambiance will probably see limited success 2 ) Establish positive household larning environment Family is the 2nd of import acquisition topographic point for students, in which parents ‘ words and actions and other environment factors affect students ‘ L2 acquisition, therefore set uping a positive household environment is indispensable: 1. Parents should promote their kids to demo what they have learnt in school and praise their first-class public presentation, which aims at heightening students ‘ L2 larning assurance and hiking their acquisition motive. 2. Parents should collaborate with instructors to supervise consequence of L2 larning in school and pressing students to complete prep and practising unwritten English.4.3.3 Measures to instructors ‘ improper guidingThe instructor should excite the pupils ‘ motive and involvement of English acquisition. Harmonizing to the pupils ‘ degree, instructors arrange different undertakings and set frontward different demands so that pupils are able to complete them to avoid increasing larning anxious ness, which can set up the pupils ‘ assurance in English acquisition. Teachers should hold rich cognition to do English category gratifying. Teachers should be patient to assist pupils get the better of anxiousness as a effect of failure experience. Teachers should hold higher professional quality aimed at offering comprehendible input in English category, doing it easy for the pupils to analyze English. Teachers should make a relaxing, active and stress-free acquisition ambiance in which pupils do n't waver to talk English and dare return hazard in take parting in assorted learning activities. It is of import for pupils to acknowledge linguistic communication larning anxiousness. So it is instructors ‘ duties to do the pupils cognizant of larning anxiousness and take effectual steps to decrease larning anxiousness. Teachers should promote the pupils to take an active portion in linguistic communication pattern. The more pupils pattern English, the more assurance they ha ve. Proper rating is an of import method for cut downing English acquisition anxiousness. Teachers should be wise in happening out the pupils ‘ good qualities so as to advance them to confront troubles. The instructors ‘ response to pupils ‘ public presentation should be neither a simple â€Å" right † or â€Å" incorrect † , nor a simple â€Å" Yes † or â€Å" No † . At the same clip, instructors must carefully make up one's mind when, how frequently, and most significantly, how mistakes are corrected. Teachers should make a non-threatening acquisition environment for the pupils because it is critical for pupils to larn English. Merely when the pupils feel stress-free can they decrease larning anxiousness every bit possible as they can. Teachers should learn the pupils in conformity of their aptitude and esteem their single differences in the procedure of set uping learning undertakings. Teacher should be cognizant of their influence on pupils and do everything they can to cut down English larning anxiousness. Depending on the pupils ‘ demands and cultural background, the instructors can utilize any or all of the undermentioned suggestions for decreasing linguistic communication anxiousness by Rebecca L. Oxford ( 1999 ) . a‘ Help pupils understand that linguistic communication anxiousness episodes can be transeunt and do non necessarily develop into a permanent job ; a‘?Boost the self-esteem and assurance of pupils for whom linguistic communication anxiousness has already become a long-run trait by supplying multiple chances for schoolroom success in the linguistic communication ; a‘?Encourage moderate risk-taking and tolerance of ambiguity in a comfy, non-threatening environment ; a‘?Reduce the competition nowadays in the schoolroom ; a‘ ¤ Be really clear about schoolroom ends and aid pupils develop schemes to run into thoseV ConclusionThis survey has investigated the differe nce of L2 larning anxiousness of primary school pupils from 2 Grade to 6 Grade, examined the relationship between LA and students ‘ L2 accomplishments and probed into the factors that could elicit students ‘ LA. The consequence of this research can be summarized as follows: In the first topographic point, this research shows that students ‘ LA is obvious, and the higher degrees of LA students have, the lower accomplishment they get. Second, the grounds that arouse students ‘ LA are assorted, hence lessen students ‘ 2nd linguistic communication larning anxiousness should be actualized from the facets of pupils, instructors and parents. Students should positively take portion into L2 category and courageously demo their accomplishments and inquire inquiries about L2 acquisition. Teachers should pay attending to pupils ‘ L2 larning psychological science, set up easy and happy instruction environment, and beef up the relationship with parents. As for parents, they should supply a good L2 acquisition environment, promote their kids to pattern L2 and give them great psychological comfortable and emotional support. Third, communicating apprehensiveness, English trials and fright of negative rating are some causes that provoke students ‘ linguistic communication acquisition anxiousness. As simple English instructors, we should maintain these differences between second-grade pupils and six-grade pupils in head, which would assist us to take preferred learning methods might student systems and closely supervise the schoolroom clime to place specific beginnings of pupil anxiousness for different class pupils. In order to cut down the anxiousness degree in the linguistic communication category, we suggest instructors speak more easy and reenforce the stuff to help comprehension and keeping, provide instructional stuff more relevant to pupils ‘ life or ends, and be cognizant of single acquisition manners. In add-on, instructors can utilize more whole-class activities, because probe consequences of this research indicate that non merely third-grade pupils but besides sixth-grade pupils like the whole-class activity. Furthermore, instructors do non overtly or harshly correct the mistake, but merely repeats the phrase in the proper grammatical or phonic signifier. Correct feedback is given, but errors are non emphasized in forepart of the others. It might besides be helpful if the instructor points out that errors are an built-in portion of the acquisition procedure and are non to be feared.

Terrible Writing Advice from a Caveman Author Reedsy

Terrible Writing Advice from a Caveman Author Reedsy Paleo Publishing: Terrible Writing Advice from a Caveman Author Last year, the team at Reedsy spoke with an author from the Paleolithic era who had recently been discovered and unfrozen. He was kind enough to share his top tips for book marketing which, while wholly inapplicable to modern authors, did provide an insight into how cavemen used to publish books.As part of a blog tour to promote his latest novel, Blood Cave, the Caveman Author kindly sat down with us to share some frankly terrible writing advice that should have gone the way of the dinosaur. Terrible writing advice from @caveman_author, the paleolithic Stephen King Reedsy: Caveman Author, thanks for agreeing to share your top writing tips with the authors here at Reedsy. Caveman Author: VERY HAPPY TO SHARE ALL CAVEMAN AUTHOR KNOWLEDGE. ALSO, CAVEMAN AUTHOR PUBLICIST MAKE HIM TO DO THIS. SO NO CHOICE HERE, REALLY.Fair enough. You recently tweeted that authors should â€Å"write what they know,† which is why a lot of your protagonists are also cavemen. But how would you respond to accusations that your main characters are â€Å"Mary Sue† figures?WHAT THAT?It’s when a character is seemingly too perfect and capable, often suggesting that the author is indulging in wish-fulfillment. LRH. Caveman Author's favorite new writer.AS SOON AS YOU WRITE â€Å"THE END†, SEND BOOK OFF TO AGENT. IF AGENT WRITE BACK AND ASK WHY BOOK HAVE SO MANY â€Å"ISSUES† LIKE SPELING AND PLOT, THEN BREAK INTO AGENT CAVE WHEN HE SLEEP FOR â€Å"EDITORIAL DISCUSSION† LOLLIKE CAVEMAN AUTHOR, TAKE ELROND ADVICE: FIRST DRAFT, LAST DRAFT, GET IT OUT THE CAVE.Sounds like terrible writing advice. Thanks again for your time, Caveman Author.BYEEEEEEEDo you have any questions for the Caveman Author? Or perhaps you have some terrible writing advice of your own to share? Leave a message in the comments below.

Research Paper on Life Insurance

Research Paper on Life Insurance Life insurance is a safeguard for family members if the major supplier of income were to die and it were to grievously upset the common means for providing the basics of life. This does not include the burdens of financial expenses for burial, taxes, unplanned or emergency expenses, and furthered educational expenses for children or to have the spouse go back to school to become the primary breadwinner of the family. Life insurance is also not affordable when you are young and just starting out with a family and not always a main concern for the young. Most young people to do not think about death or their mortality, and hence, they do not see a necessity for life insurance. As we grow older, our needs and wants to secure a financial future for our loved ones necessitate the need to evaluate all options for achieving this goal. The cost and availability of features such as these could be a key issue in deciding which policy to accept. There are 6 essential types of life insurance: Five types of life insurance Term life insurance Whole life insurance Universal life insurance Variable life insurance Variable universal life insurance People have to decide for themselves what is going to best for them and for their future. Understanding which life insurance policy will be right for you entails setting one primary objective for yourself and your family by answering two basic questions. (Solomon, 236) First, do I simply need death protection in the event of my death? Second, do I want both death protection and a savings element for my family and I to cover retirement costs if I do not pass away before retirement? There are three fundamental approaches to make this decision for most individuals: 1. The Human Life Value approach. 2. The Human Needs approach. 3. The Retirement Needs approach. Since a person does not know whether they will live to retirement or pass away earlier, a good life insurance policy will help provide for both the human and the retirement needs for survivors and themselves. The â€Å"Human Life† approach When evaluating from this approach you should base your decision on the thought that a person has an earning capacity that can be approximately calculated by estimating annual net income (earnings minus all taxes), estimating the remaining years of wage earning, and subtracting the interest that would be earned if all the income were received in a lump sum. This procedure allows a person to pin down how much money will be needed in the event of their death to continue providing an equitable life for their survivors. Estimating your earning capacity is a valuable asset in determining what kind of insurance you will need for when you pass away or retire. The Human Needs approach Using this approach will take into account the settlement costs of a funeral, taxes, mortgages, and or car payments. It will also provide the income the family needs to readjust to a new lifestyle, income for the family until the children leave the home, life income for the surviving spouse, special needs of the family such as college education for the children, and other needs that may arise from unforeseen circumstances. In adopting this approach to your evaluation, income from all avenues of income such as social security, veteran’s benefits, or trust funds will be subtracted from the total needs of the family once a person has passed away. The Retirement Needs approach Utilizing this approach will require coordinating life insurance and/or annuity purchases with other sources of income such as Social Security, pensions, or personal investments to be able to attain prearranged retirement revenue. Once a person has decided what approach would best fit what he attends to accomplish, he then must choose a type of life insurance. You can buy an individual policy through a licensed life insurance information company, which evaluate insurance companies in general. Individuals must keep in mind a life insurance information policy is only as good as the company that wrote it. For this reason, choosing a good insurance company is at least as important as selecting the r ight policy. (Life-Insurance-Information, 3) There are five types of insurance available to individuals for different goals. The Term life insurance coverage will provide protection for a limited, specific period of time depending on the link of coverage selected. If the person covered by the policy should pass away within the time restrictions on the policy, the face or total amount of the policy is payable to the designated beneficiaries. Normally nothing will be paid to the beneficiaries if the individual insured lives longer than the length of the term policy that was selected. Unlike other types of policies, term insurance does not generate cash values. Term life insurance is usually the least expensive course of protection for people interested in life insurance. Some individuals on restricted incomes purchase term life insurance for the basic insurance protection for their families and, as their salaries rise, they convert the term life insurance policy to different forms of life insurance policies. Another type of whole life insurance is a permanent insurance or a universal life insurance policy. Unlike term insurance policies, permanent life insurance has no specified term of coverage for individuals. Flexible premium or Universal Life Insurance is a life insurance policy designed as a permanent policy for the covered individual(s), but it is different from traditional term life insurance policies because it allows the policy owner to vary the amount and timing of premium payments. The policy also allows the policy owner to increase or decrease the death benefit. Monetary values will accumulate based on premium payments that are selected during the selection of the policy. Usually monthly deductions are subtracted from this fund for the expenses and cost of insurance. The interest is added to this fund afterwards. In some cases the interest rates are stated by the company and vary from time to time depending on the policy. Under federal law, guideline s are defined for policies to maintain status as life insurance under the Internal Revenue Code. This law puts a cap on total payments to the contract and provides a minimum relationship of death benefit to cash value. Permanent life insurance is subject to a different set of policy conditions normally. A permanent life policy requires for premiums to be paid for as long as the insured individual lives and a permanent life policy accumulates a set cash value during the covered period. If the individual insured were to pass away then the death benefit is payable to the beneficiaries listed on the policy. But the policy can be turned in before the insured individual were to pass away, then the net worth is payable to the insured individual. Another aspect of this policy allows for loans to be made from the insurance company against the monetary value of the policy at a rate of return promised in the policy as security. The maximum loan rate guaranteed in the insurance policy may be mu ch lower than that available from a bank or other financial institution. Regardless of where the loan is secured from, if the insured individual where to pass away prior to the loan being repaid, the amount of the loan and any interest due must be repaid from the death-benefit amount before the beneficiaries will receive any compensation. Variable life insurance is also a type of permanent insurance but you decide how the premiums are invested instead of the insurer. Variable universal is a combination of variable and whole life insurance policies. These plans allow for variable premiums and the ability to choose your own investments of premiums. Variable/Adjustable: much like universal insurance except it links your death benefits and premiums directly to your investments performance. Youll also have more control over how the premiums are invested. (4 Insurance, 6) Life insurance is a good bet but you must know what you need and what you hope to achieve by it. Good research and pro per planning can accomplish several different options and goals, it is your choice to want to secure a better financial future incase of death or just to have a partial cash saving and investment plan.